一种基于HMM模型改进的地图匹配算法

针对轨迹数据在线地图匹配中难以同时保障算法的准确率和时间效率的问题, 提出一种基于隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)改进的在线地图匹配算法, 并提出综合距离因素和方向因素计算发射概率的方法。与其他全局或者局部算法的不同之处在于, 改进的在线地图匹配算法引入可靠点进行轨迹分割, 减少了转移概率的计算和匹配结果的输出延时。用西雅图市浮动车的轨迹数据进行算法的实验验证, 结果表明, 与传统的HMM地图匹配算法相比, 改进的算法在准确率和时间效率上更优, 能够满足在线地图匹配的需求。     

非锚固式大型立式热质储罐强度分析

针对大型储罐在多种载荷作用下易发生强度破坏的问题，以某热质储罐为研究对象，利用有限元法分析热质储罐在自重、内压、液柱静压力、风载荷、地震载荷、雪载荷以及温度载荷作用下的应力强度以及变形，模拟大角焊缝区域翘曲情况，并依照JB4732—1995进行强度评定，为此类大型立式储罐的设计提供参考。     

浅论气象术语标准研制的问题与对策

为避免气象术语中出现循环定义、定义不协调、定义与术语不匹配、定义重复术语名称或使用代词等问题,运用术语学原理分析,提出研制术语时要注意“语料收集、定义研制、术语分类、辨析关系”的对策建议,这对提高术语研制质量,增强表达交流效果,完善气象标准体系具有重要作用。     

Intermittent demand forecasting in the Enterprise: Empirical verification

Forecasting methods are often valued by means of simulation studies. For intermittent demand items there are often very few non–zero observations, so it is hard to check any assumptions, because statistical information is often too weak to determine, for example, distribution of a variable. Therefore, it seems important to verify the forecasting methods on the basis of real data. The main aim of the article is an empirical verification of several forecasting methods applicable in case of intermittent demand. Some items are sold only in specific subperiods (in given month in each year, for example), but most forecasting methods (such as Croston's method) give non–zero forecasts for all periods. For example, summer work clothes should have non–zero forecasts only for summer months and many methods will usually provide non–zero forecasts for all months under consideration. This was the motivation for proposing and testing a new forecasting technique which can be applicable to seasonal items. In the article six methods were applied to construct separate forecasting systems: Croston's, SBA (Syntetos–Boylan Approximation), TSB (Teunter, Syntetos, Babai), MA (Moving Average), SES (Simple Exponential Smoothing) and SESAP (Simple Exponential Smoothing for Analogous subPeriods). The latter method (SESAP) is an author's proposal dedicated for companies facing the problem of seasonal items. By analogous subperiods the same subperiods in each year are understood, for example, the same months in each year. A data set from the real company was used to apply all the above forecasting procedures. That data set contained monthly time series for about nine thousand products. The forecasts accuracy was tested by means of both parametric and non–parametric measures. The scaled mean and the scaled root mean squared error were used to check biasedness and efficiency. Also, the mean absolute scaled error and the shares of best forecasts were estimated. The general conclusion is that in the analyzed company a forecasting system should be based on two forecasting methods: TSB and SESAP, but the latter method should be applied only to seasonal items (products sold only in specific subperiods). It also turned out that Croston's and SBA methods work worse than much simpler methods, such as SES or MA. The presented analysis might be helpful for enterprises facing the problem of forecasting intermittent items (and seasonal intermittent items as well).     

基于背景插值的空空导弹攻击区在线模拟方法

针对空战态势迅速变化对空空导弹攻击区模拟实时性的需求,提出基于背景插值的攻击区在线模拟方法。首先预测下一采样时刻态势,并针对预测态势模拟解算攻击区信息;当下一采样时刻到来时,利用攻击区预测值和先前两次攻击区模拟信息及相应的态势记录插值估计攻击区真实值。背景插值方法将攻击区模拟解算放到先前计算周期中,实时性高。理论分析证明了背景插值误差随着采样时间的减小收敛于零。仿真结果表明,背景插值模拟方法的误差与传统攻击区模拟方法相当,而前者平均可在7.16×10^-6s内给出结果,后者平均计算耗时为0.290 s。     

带有临界增长的Kirchhoff方程极小能量变号解的存在性

为了深入研究Kirchhoff方程的性质,讨论了带有Hartree项和临界增长非线性项的Kirchhoff方程极小能量变号解的存在性。利用能量泛函在变号Nehari流形上的下确界C_λ收敛于0,得到空间E紧嵌入L~6(R~3)这一技术性结果。结果表明,利用限制变分方法和定量形变引理获得极小化序列对应的极小值点是该问题的非平凡解。研究方法在理论证明方面得到了良好的结果,对研究其他Kirchhoff方程解的存在性有一定的指导意义。     

一种自适应步长的复合梯度加速优化算法

自适应步长加速(Adam)类算法由于其计算效率高、兼容性好的特点，成为近期相关领域的研究热点.针对Adam收敛速度慢的问题，本文基于当前梯度、预测梯度以及历史动量梯度，提出一种新型Adam类一阶优化算法——复合梯度下降法(C-Adam)，并对其收敛性进行了理论证明.与其他加速算法的区别之处在于，C-Adam将预测梯度与历史动量区别开，通过一次真实的梯度更新找到下一次迭代更精准的搜索方向.利用两组常用测试数据集及45钢静拉伸破坏实验的实验数据对所提算法进行验证，实验结果表明C-Adam与其他流行算法相比较具有更快的收敛速度及更小的训练损失.     

基于GPC的环肋耐压圆柱壳结构失稳概率分析

为评估具有小失效概率特性的深潜环肋耐压圆柱壳结构的失稳概率，提出了一种新的基于高斯过程分类和重要抽样的自适应分析方法.该方法通过引入马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛法和欧式距离，开发了一种新的考虑预测不确定性和取样均匀性的自适应试验设计策略，以便更高效地构造高斯过程分类器；采用核密度估计构造准最优重要抽样密度函数；基于失效概率估计的稳定性，提出了一种更精确的迭代停止准则.通过某一分段函数验证了所提分析方法的准确性及高效性.应用所提方法得到某深潜环肋耐压圆柱壳结构的失稳概率约为8.242×10^-5.     

带噪音预处理的改进探索性Q矩阵标定方法

考虑到在实际应用中学生在做题时的猜测和失误(统称为噪音)会影响探索性因素分析法所使用的四分相关矩阵的质量,该文提出四分相关矩阵的一种噪音修正方法,并将其应用于Q矩阵标定.模拟研究结果表明:猜测和失误这2种噪音会对Q矩阵的标定产生不利的影响; 基于修正后的四分相关矩阵的探索性因素分析法,在样本量较大和噪音较大等情况下,均能有效地提高Q矩阵标定的准确率.     

Structure design,controllable synthesis,and application of metalsemiconductor heterostructure nanoparticles

Metal-semiconductor heterostructure nanoparticles(NPs) have attracted much interest and extensively been investigated due to their promising potentials in the fields of catalysis,energy conversion and storage.Due to the synergistic effect and coupling effect between metal and semiconductor,designing and controlling the interface structure of metal-semiconductor NPs and understanding the structure-property relationship have great significance for optimizing their physicochemical performances.Metal NPs coupled with semiconductors forming several kinds of interface structures,including core-shell,yolk-shell,Janus and oligomer-like structures are summarized in this review.The controllable synthesis methods to obtain metal-semiconductor heterostructure NPs with fantastic properties are presented in detail.Moreover,the structure-property relationship and their applications in the fields of catalysis,energy conversion and storage are also exhibited.A brief outlook is given on the challenges and possible solutions in future development of metal-semiconductor NPs.